Numbers can lie -- but they're the best first step in determining whether a stock is a buy. In this series, we use some carefully chosen metrics to size up a stock's true value based on the following clues:
- The current price multiples.
- The consistency of past earnings and cash flow.
- How much growth we can expect.
Let's see what those numbers can tell us about how expensive or cheap Tenet Healthcare (NYSE: THC ) might be.
The current price multiples
First, we'll look at most investors' favorite metric: the P/E ratio. It divides the company's share price by its earnings per share -- the lower, the better.
Then, we'll take things up a notch with a more advanced metric: enterprise value to unlevered free cash flow. This divides the company's enterprise value (basically, its market cap plus its debt, minus its cash) by its unlevered free cash flow (its free cash flow, adding back the interest payments on its debt). Like the P/E, the lower this number is, the better.
Analysts argue about which is more important -- earnings or cash flow. Who cares? A good buy ideally has low multiples on both.
Tenet Healthcare has a P/E ratio of 1.7 and an EV/FCF ratio of 25.8 over the trailing 12 months. If we stretch and compare current valuations to the five-year averages for earnings and free cash flow, Tenet Healthcare has a P/E ratio of 10.8 and a five-year EV/FCF ratio of 94.0.
A positive one-year ratio under 10 for both metrics is ideal. For a five-year metric, less than 20 is ideal.
Tenet Healthcare has a mixed performance in hitting the ideal targets, but let's see how it compares against some competitors and industry mates.
| Company | 1-Year P/E ! | 1-Year EV/FCF | 5-Year P/E | 5-Year EV/FCF |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tenet Healthcare | 1.7 | 25.8 | 10.8 | 94.0 |
| Community Health Systems (NYSE: CYH ) | 7.4 | 15.0 | 9.4 | 19.1 |
| Lifepoint Hospitals (Nasdaq: LPNT ) | 11.8 | 11.3 | 14.4 | 14.2 |
| Universal Health Services (NYSE: UHS ) | 11.8 | 15.6 | 14.9 | 56.3 |
Source: S&P Capital IQ.
Numerically, we've seen how Tenet Healthcare's valuation rates on both an absolute and relative basis. Next, let's examine ...
The consistency of past earnings and cash flow
An ideal company will be consistently strong in its earnings and cash flow generation.
In the past five years, Tenet Healthcare's net income margin has ranged from -5.2% to 12.3%. In that same time frame, unlevered free cash flow margin has ranged from -3.2% to 2.8%.
How do those figures compare with those of the company's peers? See for your! self:
Source: S&P Capital IQ; margin ranges are combined.
Additionally, over the last five years, Tenet Healthcare has tallied up three years of positive earnings and three years of positive free cash flow.
Next, let's figure out ...
How much growth we can expect
Analysts tend to comically overstate their five-year growth estimates. If you accept them at face value, you will overpay for stocks. But while you should definitely take the analysts' prognostications with a grain of salt, they can still provide a useful starting point when compared to similar numbers from a company's closest rivals.
Let's start by seeing what this company's done over the past five years. In that time period, Tenet Healthcare's growth rate isn't meaningful because of prior losses. However, Wall Street's analysts expect future growth rates of 9.6%.
Here's how Tenet Healthcare compares to its peers for trailing five-year growth:
Source: S&P Capital IQ; EPS growth shown.
And here's how it measures up with regard to the growth analysts expect over the next five years:
Source: S&P Capital IQ; estimates for EPS growth.
The bottom line
The pile of numbers we've plowed through has shown us the price multiples shares of Tenet Healthcareare trading at, the volatility of its operational performance, and what kind of growth profile it has -- both on an absolute and a relative basis.
The more consistent a company's performance has been and the more growth we can exp! ect, the more we should be willing to pay. We've gone well beyond looking at a 1.7 P/E ratio and we have to address this amazingly low number. The one-year (and to a lesser extent, five-year) P/E ratio is so low mostly because of a large deferred tax benefit. Meanwhile, the EV/FCF multiples don't look nearly as cheap. We also see some volatility in earnings and cash flows over the years. Tenet isn't nearly as cheap as its 1.7 P/E ratio would indicate, but if you find its numbers or story compelling, don't stop. Continue your due diligence process until you're confident one way or the other. As a start, add it to My Watchlist to find all of our Foolish analysis.
To see the stocks that I've researched beyond the initial numbers and bought in my public real-money portfolio, click here.
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